Chemistry Technicians
| ACADs | GP Strategies Matrix Lesson - Chapter - Objectives | Gap materials from RCNET & Academic Partners | Textbooks & Other Published Materials | Web - based Resources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.0 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CURRICULUM FOR CHEMISTRY TECHNICIANS | ||||
| 4.1 COMPUTERS (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain the basic operation and application of computers | ||||
| 4.1.1 Explain the functions and capabilities of the plant computer | ||||
| 4.1.2 Explain and apply the functions and capabilities of Chemistry Department computers such as the trending of chemistry data | ||||
| 4.1.3 Operate chemistry software programs | ||||
| 4.1.4 Use the computer for trending chemistry data | ||||
| 4.2 SYSTEMS Perform specified functions on plant systems relative to the chemistry technician job. | ||||
| 4.2.1 Describe the effects of chemistry changes on each system and plant operation (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.2.2 Explain the purpose and location of major components and equipment (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.2.3 Identify chemicals added to the system (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.2.4 Explain the basic principles of operation for the system and major components and equipment | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System PPTNuclear Plant Systems DOCPrimary Systems | |||
| 4.2.5 Identify chemistry limits and on-line monitoring requirements (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.2.6 Explain chemistry concerns associated with the system (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.2.7 Identify chemistry sampling points | ||||
| 4.2.7.1 auxiliary feedwater (PWR) | PPTPWR Systems DOCAuxiliary Feedwater System PPTAuxiliary Feedwater System Powerpoint | |||
| 4.2.7.2 borated refueling water storage tank (PWR) | DOCPrimary Systems PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.2.7.3 chemical and volume control (PWR) | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.4 circulating water | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System PPTMain Circulating Water & Condensate Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.5 condensate | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System PPTMain Circulating Water & Condensate Systems PPTOverview of Nuclear Plant Systems DOC Condensate and Feedwater Systems Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.6 condensate polishers | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTWater Treatment DOC Chemical and Oily Waste Water | |||
| 4.2.7.7 condenser air removal | PPT Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers | |||
| 4.2.7.8 containment | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.9 control rod drive | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System DOCReactor Coolant System Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.10 demineralized water | PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.2.7.11 emergency core cooling | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.12 emergency diesel generators | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.13 emergency power | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.14 feedwater | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System PPTMain Circulating Water & Condensate Systems PPTOverview of Nuclear Plant Systems DOC Condensate and Feedwater Systems Instructor Notes PPTDigital Feedwater Control Systems PDFDigital Feedwater Control Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.15 feedwater heaters and extraction drains | PPTExtraction Steam PPTGaseous Radwaste DOC Extraction Steam and Heater Drain Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.16 high pressure coolant injection (BWR) | PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.2.7.17 high pressure core spray (BWR) | PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.18 low pressure core spray (BWR) | PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.19 main generator | PPTNuclear Plant Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.20 main steam | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System PPTPlant Status PPTMain Steam System RTF Main Steam Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.21 main turbine | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.22 offgas (BWR) | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.23 post accident sampling | PPTOff-Normal and Emergency Response PPTPost Accident Sampling | |||
| 4.2.7.24 pressurizer (PWR) | PPTPWR Systems PPTOverview of Nuclear Plant Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.25 pressurizer relief (PWR) | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.26 radiation monitoring | PPTRadiological Environmental Monitoring Program DOCRadiological Environmental Monitoring Programs PPTPrimary Water Chemistry | |||
| 4.2.7.27 reactor coolant | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon DOC Primary Systems DOCReactor Coolant System Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.28 reactor core isolation cooling (BWR) | PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.29 reactor water cleanup (BWR) | PPTPWR Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.30 reactor water makeup | PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.31 recirculation (BWR) | PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| 4.2.7.32 residual heat removal/shutdown cooling | NS-08-7, 8 NS-04-6, 7 | |||
| 4.2.7.33 safety injection | PPTPlant Status PPTMain Steam System RTF Main Steam Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.34 safely injection accumulators | PPTMain Steam System RTF Main Steam Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.2.7.35 standby liquid control (BWR) | PPTNuclear Plant Systems | |||
| 4.2.7.36 steam generator (PWR) | PPTNuclear Plant Systems PPTPWR Systems PPTBoiling Water Reactor System | |||
| Plant Specific - included plant internship Training | ||||
| • Auxiliary shutdown panel | ||||
| • Auxiliary steam | ||||
| • Chemical storage and handling | ||||
| • Chilled water | ||||
| • Communications | ||||
| • Component cooling water | ||||
| • Compressed gas/air | ||||
| • Condensate storage and transfer | ||||
| • Containment cooling | ||||
| • Containment iodine removal | ||||
| • Containment isolation | ||||
| • Containment pressure relief | ||||
| • Containment purge | ||||
| • Containment spray | ||||
| • Control rod drive hydraulics (BWR) | ||||
| • Cranes/hoists/elevators | ||||
| • Electrical distribution | ||||
| • Electrohydraulic control oil | ||||
| • Emergency service water | ||||
| • Fire protection | ||||
| • Floor and equipment drains | ||||
| • Fuel handling equipment | ||||
| • Fuel pool cooling | ||||
| • Gaseous radwaste | ||||
| • Generator cooling | ||||
| • Generator exciter | ||||
| • Generator hydrogen supply | ||||
| • Hydrogen recombiner and purge | ||||
| • Hydrogen seal oil | ||||
| • Instrument air | ||||
| • Isolated phase bus duct cooling | ||||
| • Liquid radwaste | ||||
| • Liquid and solid | ||||
| • Lube oil purification systems | ||||
| • Main turbine lube oil | ||||
| • Mechanical/natural draft cooling towers | ||||
| • Neutron instrumentation | ||||
| • Penetration cooling | ||||
| • Plant heating | ||||
| • Plant ventilation | ||||
| • Radwaste | ||||
| • Reactor building closed cooling water (BWR) | ||||
| • Reactor protection | ||||
| • Reheat steam | ||||
| • Safety relief (BWR) | ||||
| • Seismic instrumentation | ||||
| • Service air | ||||
| • Service water | ||||
| • Standby gas treatment (BWR) | ||||
| • Station air | ||||
| • Stator water cooling system | ||||
| • Steam seal supply | ||||
| • Steam generator blowdown recovery (PWR) | ||||
| • Suppression pool (BWR) | ||||
| • Suppression pool makeup | ||||
| • Switchyard | ||||
| • Turbine building closed cooling | ||||
| • Vital batteries | ||||
| • Waste gas decay (PWR) | ||||
| • Waste treatments (oil, sanitary, water discharges and chemical) | ||||
| • Water treatment | ||||
| • Other systems unique to the specific plant | ||||
| 4.3 GENERAL TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT (PLANT SPECIFIC) perform the specified tasks for general tools and test equipment. | ||||
| 4.3.1 Explain procedures to check out and return radioactively contaminated tools and test equipment | ||||
| 4.3.2 Identify tools and test equipment that may need specific controls before being taken into radiologically controlled environments | ||||
| 4.3.3 Identify power sources that may be connected to tools and test equipment | ||||
| 4.3.4 Explain requirements for instrument and test equipment calibration | ||||
| 4.3.5 Describe proper methods of protecting tools and test equipment including the following: | ||||
| 4.3.5.1 in a radiologically controlled area | ||||
| 4.3.5.2 in a confined space | ||||
| 4.3.5.3 when working from heights | ||||
| 4.3.5.4 when working near open systems | ||||
| 4.4 RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES Discuss the basic theory of operation and the operating characteristics of detectors, including instrument efficiency, the factors that affect instrument efficiency, and the calculation of efficiency from given information, effects of background radiation, and differentiation between the operating characteristics of a radiation field survey instrument and a radioactive contamination survey instrument. | ||||
| 4.4.1 Explain the functions of an ion chamber, proportional counter and Geiger-Mueller counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTLaboratory Instrumentation PPTInstrumentation Review DOCRadiaton Detection Principles and Instruments_Instructor Notes DOCRadiation Detection and Measurement | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-14-9, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 7, "Radiation Detectors" | ||
| 4.4.2 Draw and explain a gas filled detector six region curve, including gas amplification | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.4.3 Explain the function of a scintillation (micro-r meters, liquid scintillation counters, zinc-sulfide alpha counters and probes), fission chamber and semiconductors (high-purity germanium, electronic dosimeters) | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTLaboratory Instrumentation DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTRad Measurements Instruments DOCRadiaton Detection Principles and Instruments_Instructor Notes DOCRadiation Detection and Measurement | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-14-9, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 7, "Radiation Detectors" | ||
| 4.5 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND LABORATORY COUNTING EQUIPMENT describe the operating characteristics of radiological survey instruments and laboratory counting equipment, and perform specified tasks. | ||||
| 4.5.1 Explain operating characteristics for and demonstrate the ability to use radiological survey instruments applicable to chemistry technicians | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments DOCRadiation Detection and Measurement | |||
| 4.5.2 Perform and describe operational checks on survey instruments: battery, zero, (content added: calibration), source, response, background. | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments DOCRadiation Detection and Measurement | |||
| 4.5.3 Identify conditions that might affect survey instrument response including geotropism, atmospheric pressure, high humidity, mixed radiation fields, noble gas atmospheres, extreme temperatures, off-scale reading, and radio frequency interference. | DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTLaboratory Instrumentation DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTRad Measurements Instruments DOCRadiaton Detection Principles and Instruments_Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.5.4 Explain the operating characteristics and basic electrical circuitry of counting and spectroscopy equipment (such as proportional counters, liquid scintillation detectors, high-purity germanium, zinc sulfide detectors). | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTLaboratory Instrumentation DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments DOCRadiation Detection and Measurement | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-14-9, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 7, "Radiation Detectors" | ||
| 4.5.5 Perform and describe operational checks for counting and spectroscopy equipment resolution, source, response and background. | PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.5.6 Identify unusual conditions that might affect counting and spectroscopy equipment response such as high humidity, abnormal background, electronic noise, and extreme temperature. | PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTRad Measurements Instruments DOCRadiaton Detection Principles and Instruments_Instructor Notes | |||
| 4.5.7 Explain the operating characteristics and use of the following radiological survey and analysis instruments | ||||
| 4.5.7.1 alpha survey instrument | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.2 beta/gamma survey instrument | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiographic Testing PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.3 frisker | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.4 gamma survey instrument | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiographic Testing PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.5 gross alpha counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.6 gross alpha/beta counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.7 gross gamma counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.8 liquid scintillation counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring DOCRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.5.7.9 multichannel analyzer (gamma spectrometer) | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.10 neutron survey instrument | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.5.7.11 proportional counters | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring PPTLaboratory Instrumentation | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-14-9, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 7, "Radiation Detectors" | ||
| 4.5.7.12 smear counter | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.6 CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT | ||||
| 4.6.1 Explain the principles of operation of chemistry analytical equipment | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4..6.2 Identify the locations of the chemistry analytical equipment and associated components (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.6.3 Identify unusual conditions that might affect chemistry analytical equipment response | PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTPersonnel Monitoring | |||
| 4.6.4 Identify specific maintenance requirements for chemistry analytical equipment (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.6.5 Describe the operation and purpose of chemistry analytical equipment including the following: | ||||
| 4.6.5.2 analytical balance | PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment | The Chemistry Hypermedia Project (404 - No link avail) |
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| 4.6.5.3 conductivity bridge with flow cell | PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment PDFYSI Model 31A Conductance Bridge Instructions PDFStandard Operating Procedure for Conductivity Bridge PDFConductivity Theory and Practice | Electrical Conductivity Detector | ||
| 4.6.5.4 dissolved oxygen monitor | IC-08-1 | |||
| 4.6.5.5 dissolved hydrogen monitor | PDFDissolved Hydrogen Monitor DoD Report PPTPrimary Water Chemistry | |||
| 4.6.5.8 in-line hydrazine monitor (PWR) | PPTPrimary Water Chemistry PDFDissolved Oxygen and Hydrazine Monitoring on Power | |||
| 4.6.5.9 inductively coupled plasma analyzer | PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment | University of Rhode Island How Does It Work? (ICP-MS) | ||
| 4.6.5.10 in-line conductivity monitor | PPTPrimary Water Chemistry | Franklyn W. Kirk, Instrumentation, ATP,2010, fifth edition, ch 26, s. 6, Electrochemical Analyzers, p. 273. ISBN: 978-0-8269-3430-7 | ||
| 4.6.5.11 in-line sodium monitor | PDFSodium Monitoring in Water Treatment Processes PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment | |||
| 4.6.5.12 ion selective electrode | PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment | Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) (New Mexico State University) | ||
| 4.6.5.18 microwave digestion | PDFMicrowave Digestion PDFSample Dissolution Techniques PPTChemistry Analytical Equipment | How Does it Work; Mass Spectrometry of ions Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) |
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| 4.7 SAMPLE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT (PLANT SPECIFIC) | ||||
| 4.7.1 Identify the types of equipment | ||||
| 4.7.2 Identify the locations of each type | ||||
| 4.7.3 Describe the applications of each type | ||||
| 4.7.4 Explain the principles of operation | ||||
| 4.7.5 Determine specific sample collection equipment to be included in chemistry technician training based on job requirements. The following are examples of sample collection equipment to consider for inclusion in the chemistry technician training program. | ||||
| 4.7.5.1 calibration sources and equipment | ||||
| 4.7.5.2 composite | ||||
| 4.7.5.3 corrosion products | ||||
| 4.7.5.4 gaseous | ||||
| 4.7.5.5 halide surface contamination | ||||
| 4.7.5.6 post-accident filter assembly | ||||
| 4.7.5.7 resin | ||||
| The Chemistry Hypermedia Project: Analytical Balance | ||||
| 4.8 CALIBRATION SOURCES AND EQUIPMENT (PLANT SPECIFIC) Describe the equipment and procedures for calibration. | ||||
| 4.8.1 Discuss the equipment required to calibrate counting and spectroscopy equipment | ||||
| 4.8.2 Describe the precautions associated with calibration procedures | ||||
| 4.8.3 Identify the criteria for proper calibration of plant survey instruments and analytical equipment | ||||
| 4.8.4 Demonstrate the proper use of calibration procedures as required by specifications for each instrument or system | ||||
| 4.8.5 State the traceability requirements for calibration sources used in measuring radioactivity | ||||
| 4.8.6 Determine specific calibration sources: | ||||
| 4.8.6.1 certified alpha | ||||
| 4.8.6.2 standard alpha | ||||
| 4.8.6.3 certified gamma | ||||
| 4.8.6.4 standard gamma | ||||
| 4.8.6.5 certified beta | ||||
| 4.8.6.6 standard beta | ||||
| 4.8.6.7 noble gas standard | ||||
| 4.8.6.8 spiked charcoal cartridge gamma | ||||
| 4.9 RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Explain and apply the theory of radioactivity and radioactive decay. | ||||
| 4.9.1 Identify the types of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, gamma, electron capture, internal conversion) | PPTRadiographic Testing PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTRadioactive Decay | |||
| 4.9.2 Use basic equations to describe each type of decay | MA-05-1, 2, 3, 4 MA-06-1, 2, 3 MA-10- 2, 3 | |||
| 4.9.3 Use exponential equations and appropriate graphs (linear and semi-log) to perform radioactive decay calculations | MA-05-1, 2, 3, 4 MA-06-1, 2, 3 MA-10- 2, 3 | |||
| 4.9.4 Characterize alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and neutrons (for example, describe the physical properties of these types of radiation) | IC-09- 1, 3, MS-03- 1, 2 NS-03- 3, 4 NS-08-1 | PPTInteractions with Matter | ||
| 4.9.5 Use basic equations to describe the process of neutron activation | 03-3, 4, 5, | |||
| 4.9.6 Identify specific isotopes of concern in power reactors during operation and following shutdown (such as H-3, N-16, Ar-41, Cr-51, Mn-54, Fe-55, Co-58, Co-60, Zn-65, Kr-85, Kr-88, Zr-95, Ag-110m, I-131-135, Xe-133-135, Cs-134, Cs-137 and transuranics) | PPTAir Sampling PPTTransuranic Waste Disposal | |||
| 4.9.7 Discuss complex decay schemes such as natural decay chains, reactor-producted decay chains, and equilibrium isotopes (secular, transient, or no equilibrium). | PPTRadioactive Decay | |||
| 4.9.8 Identify and use radiological quantities and their units including activity (curies and becquerels, disintegrations per second, disintegrations per minute), exposure (roentgens), dose (rads and grays), and dose equivalent (rems and sieverts). | PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTDose Equivalent PPTRadiographic Testing PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9 Identify, calculate and use the following significant dose terms: | ||||
| 4.9.9.1 deep dose equivalent | PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.2 eye (lens) dose equivalent | PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.3 shallow dose equivalent | PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.4 effective dose equivalent (using weighting factors) | PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.5 committed dose equivalent (using in vivo and in vitro measurements and intake retention fractions) | PPTInternal Exposure Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.6 committed effective dose equivalent (using in vivo and in vitro measurements and intake retention fractions) | PPTInternal Exposure Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.7 total effective dose equivalent | PPTInternal Exposure Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.9.8 total organ dose equivalent | PPTInternal Exposure Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.9.10 Equate radioactivity to dose rate through simple rules of thumb and associated calculation for various source geometries (6CEN, point source, line source, plan source) | PPTInternal Exposure Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.10 SOURCES OF RADIATION Identify and quantify sources of radiation. | ||||
| 4.10.1 Identify and quantify these major sources of natural background radiation | ||||
| 4.10.1.1 cosmic radiation | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.1.2 uranium | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.1.3 thorium decay chains | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.1.4 potassium 40 | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.1.5 radon gas (including daughter products) | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.2 Identify and quantify the following man-made sources of background radiation, medical diagnostic X-rays, radio pharmaceuticals, consumer products (television, luminous dials), weapons tests, and air travel. | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.10.3 Identify and quantify potential sources of exposure to the public from plant liquid and gaseous effluent releases, transportation of radioactive materials, and major accidents. | PPTProtection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.10.4 Identify and quantify major sources of radiation in the plant that contribute to worker exposures such as the following: | ||||
| 4.10.4.1 primary system piping and components | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.10.4.2 inside containment during power operation | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.10.4.3 primary system filters and demineralizers | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.10.4.4 radwaste process systems | PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers PPT Gaseous Radwaste | |||
| 4.10.4.5 radiography | PPTRadiographic Testing | |||
| 4.11 INTERACTIONS OF RADIATION WITH MATTER Explain various interactions of radiation with matter. | ||||
| 4.11.1 Define the terms excitation, ionization, secondary ionization, and specific ionization. | PPTInteractions with Matter PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTRadiation Detection Principles & Instruments PPTPortable Radiation Survey Instruments PPTInstrumentation Review DOCRadiation Detection Principles and Instruments Instructor Notes | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-14-9, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 12, "Surveys, Calibration and Data Analysis" | ||
| 4.11.2 Describe the processes and characteristics of heavy charged particle (for example, alpha particles, protons) interaction with matter: | ||||
| 4.11.2.1 energy transfer by ionization and excitation | PPTInteractions with Matter PPT Radiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.11.2.2 range-energy relationship | PPTInteractions with Matter PPT Radiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.11.2.3 range of alpha particles in air, water, and tissue | PPTInteractions with Matter PPT Radiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.11.2.4 specific ionization as a function of distance | PPTInteractions with Matter PPT Radiation Detection Principles & Instruments | |||
| 4.11.3 Describe the processes and characteristics of beta particle interactions with matter, range-energy relationship; energy transfer by ionization, excitation, and bremsstrahlung; irregular track due to scattering; bremsstrahlung production using high atomic number absorber; range of beta particles in air, water, and tissue density thickness. Define linear energy transfer and relative stopping for beta interactions.. | IC-09- 1, 3 MS-03- 3, 4 NS-03-3, 4 | PPTInteractions with Matter PPT Radiation Detection Principles & Instruments DOCRadiation Detection Principles and Instruments Instructor Notes | ||
| 4.11.4 Describe the processes and characteristics of gamma and x-ray interaction with matter, including exponential attenuation (as opposed to maximum range), interaction by Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, pair production, and effect of atomic number of absorber on attenuation. Define linear absorption coefficient and mass absorption coefficient for gamma interactions. | NS-03- 2, 3, 5 NS-07-7, 8 IC-09- 1, 9, 11, 13 ES-02- 1 | PPTInteractions with Matter | ||
| 4.11.5 Define fast neutron, thermal neutron, cross-section, and barn and describe how neutron energy affects probability of interaction. | PPTProtection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.11.6 Describe the processes and characteristics of neutron interaction with matter, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, absorption, neutron activation, fission, and (content added: charged particle emission). | NS-01-1, 2, 5 NS-04-4, 5 NS-05-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 NS-06-5 | PPTInteractions with Matter | ||
| 4.11.7 Based on knowledge of interaction mechanics, select types of materials for shielding each type of radiation. | PPT Radioactive Material Handling & Interpersonal Skills PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.11.8 Define buildup factor. | PPT Interactions of Radiation with Matter PDF Shielding and Buildup Factor | Definition from Nucleonica Wiki Definition from University of Liverpool Shielding of Gamma Radiation |
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| 4.11.9 Perform gamma and neutron shielding calculations using the following: | ||||
| 4.11.9.1 exponential shielding equation | PPTProtection Against Radiation PDF Shielding and Buildup Factor | |||
| 4.11.9.2 half and tenth thickness values | PPTProtection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.11.9.3 empirically derived graphs | PPTProtection Against Radiation | H.J.Moe, Operational Health Physics Training, Argonne National Laboratory, Argon, Illinois, 1992, p.8-10 | ||
| 4.11.10 Identify common shielding practices for beta particles (low Z number materials), neutrons (hydrogenous material) and gammas (high density, high Z number materials). | PPTPlant Chemistry Control PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.11.11 Describe the phenomenon of sky shine and the means by which it can be minimized. | PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.12 RADIOLOGICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS (see Radioactivity and Radioactive Decay) Explain and apply the concepts related to radiological quantities and units. | ||||
| 4.12.1 Identify and use radiological quantities and their units: | ||||
| 4.12.1.1 activity (curie and Becquerel) | PPTBackground Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTRadiographic Testing PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.12.1.2 exposure (roentgen) | PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTRadiographic Testing | |||
| 4.12.1.3 dose (rad and gray) | PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTRadiographic Testing PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.12.1.4 dose equivalent (rem and sievert) | PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTRadiographic Testing PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.12.2 Equate the radioactivity of sources to the gamma dose rate at specific distances using basic rules of thumb and calculations | PPTExposure Rate PPTProtection Against Radiation PPTBiological Effects of Radiation PPTRadiographic Testing PPTExternal Exposure Control | |||
| 4.13 COUNTING STATISTICS Explain and apply the concepts related to counting statistics. | ||||
| 4.14 RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION STANDARDS Discuss the historical development, purpose, and philosophy of radiation protection standards. | ||||
| 4.14.1 Discuss the historical development of radiological protection standards. | PPTBiological Effects at the Cellular Level DOCThe National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements DOCInternational Commission on Radiological Protection DOCAmerican National Standards Institute PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.2 Explain the purpose of radiological protection standards and guidelines. | PPTBiological Effects at the Cellular Level DOCThe National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements DOCInternational Commission on Radiological Protection DOCAmerican National Standards Institute PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3 Identify the regulatory and advisory organizations that have cognizance in this area and describe the function of each: | ||||
| 4.14.3.1 International Commission on Radiation Protection | DOCInternational Commission on Radiological Protection PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.2 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements | DOCThe National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.3 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements | DOCInternational Commission on Radiological Protection PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.4 International Atomic Energy Agency | DOC International Atomic Energy Agency PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.5 American National Standards Institute | DOCAmerican National Standards PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.6 Nuclear Regulatory Commission | DOC Nuclear Regulatory Commission PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.7 Department of Transportation | DOCDepartment of Transportation PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations | |||
| 4.14.3.8 Agreement state | DOCAgreement State PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations PPTRad Measurements Instruments | |||
| 4.14.4 Discuss the philosophy of radiation protection limits, to include the prevention of nostochastic effects, minimization of stochastic effect, concept of acceptable risk or comparable risk, and concepts of cost versus benefit and ALARA. | PPTContamination Control, Decontamination and Respiratory Protection PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.14.5 Define and discuss the interrelationship among the following: regulation, regulatory guide, NUREG, license condition, and technical specification. | PPTPlant Status PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTThe Regulatory and Advisory Organizations PPTALARA for Engineers | |||
| 4.14.6 Explain the principles and use the following standards: | ||||
| 4.14.6.1 10CFR 19--Notices, Instructions, and Reports to Workers | PPT ALARA for Engineers PPT Radiographic Testing PPT Key Parts of 10 CFR for the Nuclear Industry PPT Protection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.14.6.2 10CFR 20--Standards for Protection Against Radiation | PPTRadiographic Testing PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPT Protection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.14.6.3 10CFR 21--Reporting of Defects and Noncompliance | PPTKey Parts of 10 CFR for the Nuclear Industry PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response | |||
| 4.14.6.4 10CFR 34--Licenses for Radiography and Radiation Safety Requirements for Radiographic Operations | PPTRadiographic Testing PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response | |||
| 4.14.6.5 10CFR 50--Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities | PPTPlant Status PPTKey Parts of 10 CFR for the Nuclear Industry PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response | |||
| 4.14.6.6 10CFR 61--Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radwaste | PPTTransuranic Waste Disposal PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response | |||
| 4.14.6.7 10CFR 71--Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials | PPTTransuranic Waste Disposal PPTRadiation Protection Standards & Guidelines PPTRadiological Safety & Response | U.S. NRC Part 71 Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material | ||
| 4.14.6.8 regulatory guides applicable to power reactor radiological protection (such as RG 8.38, RG 8/13, RG 8/15) | PPTRadiological Safety & Response | |||
| 4.14.7 Describe the organization and content of the corporate and plant health physics manuals (plant specific). | ||||
| 4.15 RADIATION EXPOSURE CONTROL Explain and apply the following concepts related to radiation exposure control. | ||||
| 4.15.1 Explain the ALARA concept and how it is applied to the performance of radiological work at the plant (time, distance, shielding, engineering controls and source reduction) | PPTALARA for Engineers PPTContamination Control, Decontamination, Respiratory Protection PPT RPTechnicianTrainingEngineeringControls PPTProtection Against Radiation | |||
| 4.15.2 Identify technical and administrative controls for the installation and removal of temporary shielding (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.15.3 Demonstrate proper survey techniques using appropriate instruments (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.16 RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION CONTROL Explain and apply the concepts related to radioactive contamination control. | ||||
| 4.16.1 Identify potential sources of radioactive contamination including work operations that can generate contamination | PPTContamination Control, Decontamination, Respiratory Protection PPTContamination Control DOCContamination Control_Lesson Plan PPTRadiological Safety & Response | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-11-4, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 12, "Surveys, Calibrations, and Data Analysis" | ||
| 4.16.2 Describe techniques for controlling the spread of contamination to personnel and equipment, including wearing protective clothing, packaging contaminated materials, using containment devices, controlling leaks from radioactive systems, and decontamination. | PPTContamination Control, Decontamination, Respiratory Protection PPTContamination Control DOCContamination Control_Lesson Plan PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTProtection Against Radiation | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-11-4, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 12, "Surveys, Calibrations, and Data Analysis" | ||
| 4.16.3 Identify the isotopes of primary concern for airborne radioactivity at the plant such as H-3, Co-58, Co-60, CS-134, CS-137,. I-131 | PPTAir Sampling | |||
| 4.16.4 Explain the characteristic difference between particulate, iodine, tritium and noble gases and how they affect the method of detecting and controlling airborne radioactivity | PPTAir Sampling | |||
| 4.16.5 Identify the main ventilation and filtration systems in the plant (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.16.6 Discuss the purpose of using a continuous air monitor and identify situations in which continuous air monitors should be used | PPTRadiological Environmental Monitoring Program | |||
| 4.16.7 Describe controls that can be used to reduce exposure to airborne radioactivity, such as using filtered ventilation, decontaminating areas or equipment to eliminate the source of airborne radioactivity, using containment devices (such as tents, glove bags), repairing leaks in contaminated systems, performing work under water or keeping contaminated materials wet, and using a respirator (last resort). | PPTRP Technician Training Engineering Controls PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTAlara for Engineers | |||
| 4.16.8 Discuss how eating, smoking and drinking in a contaminated area can result in internal exposures | PPTBiological Effects of Radiation | |||
| 4.17 DECONTAMINATION Explain and apply the concepts related to decontamination. | ||||
| 4.17.1 Demonstrate proper procedures and techniques for personnel, equipment, clothing and area decontamination | PPTContamination Control, Decontamination, Respiratory Protection PPTContamination Control DOCContamination Control_Lesson Plan PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTProtection Against Radiation | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-11-4, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 12, "Surveys, Calibrations, and Data Analysis" | ||
| 4.17.2 Identify problems that might be encountered during decontamination efforts | PPTContamination Control, Decontamination, Respiratory Protection PPTContamination Control DOCContamination Control_Lesson Plan PPTRadiological Safety & Response PPTProtection Against Radiation | Daniel A. Gollnick, Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 6th edition, ISBN: 0-916339-11-4, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Chapter 12, "Surveys, Calibrations, and Data Analysis" | ||
| 4.18 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CONTROL (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to radioactive material control. | ||||
| 4.18.1 Explain procedure controls and demonstrate the use of records for the control of effluent discharges | ||||
| 4.18.2 Explain how technical specification limits are used | ||||
| 4.18.3 Identify licensed radioactive sources that must be controlled | ||||
| 4.18.4 Describe station radioactive source control procedures | ||||
| 4.18.5 Describe station radioactive material storage procedures | ||||
| 4.18.6 Describe procedures and practices that minimize solid and liquid radioactive waste | ||||
| 4.19 RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT EVALUATION AND CONTROL (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to incident evaluation and control. | ||||
| 4.19.1 Identify radiological conditions that might result from different incidents including incidents related to a degraded core | ||||
| 4.19.2 Identify (recognize) the potential for an incident from improper work practices | ||||
| 4.19.3 Identify (recognize) incidents that may be indicated by instrument responses and alarms | ||||
| 4.19.4 Describe immediate actions needed to control a radiological incident | ||||
| 4.20 WATER CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS Explain and apply the concepts related to water chemistry fundamentals. | ||||
| 4.20.1 Explain the terms, units, definitions and basic concepts for the following topics: | ||||
| 4.20.1.1 atomic structure and nomenclature | NS-01-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.2 acid-base reactions | CH-03- 2 | |||
| 4.20.1.3 elements, compounds and ions | CH-01- 3 CH-04- 2 | PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.4 Periodic Table of Elements | CH-04- 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 | PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.5 salts, solutions and solubility | CH-02- 9 CH-03- 1, 2 | |||
| 4.20.1.6 oxidation and reduction | CH-06- 6. 7 | |||
| 4.20.1.7 chemical equilibrium | PPTPlant Chemistry | Chemistry Hypermedia Project Introduction to Equilibrium (404 site not found) |
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| 4.20.1.8 valence and chemical combination | CH-02- 1 | |||
| 4.20.1.9 units of measure used in chemistry | CH-01-9 | |||
| 4.20.1.9a parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) and parts per trillion PPT | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.9b normality | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.9c molarity | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.9d equivalents | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.9e Cc/kg | PPTPlant Chemistry | |||
| 4.20.1.9f weight percent | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.10 effects of temperature and pressure on chemical reactions | HT- 01- 9 | |||
| 4.20.1.11 mixtures and solutions | PPTChemistry Fundamentals PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | |||
| 4.20.1.12 properties of water | PPTChemistry Fundamentals PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | |||
| 4.20.1.12a conductivity (of water in �mhos/cm) | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.1.12b pH | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | |||
| 4.20.1.12c density | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | |||
| 4.20.1.13 types of impurities found in water | CH-04-1, 2, 14, 18 | PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.13a dissolved gases | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.1.13b scale-forming agents | PPTFundamentals of Corrosion | |||
| 4.20.1.13c water hardness agents | PPTChemistry control PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.1.13d dissolved salts | PPTChemistry control PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.1.13e suspended matter | PPTPlant Chemistry | |||
| 4.20.1.13f colloidal and organic compounds | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.1.14 sources of impurities (such as tube breaks in heat exchanges, chemical intrusions, foreign material) | CH-05-5 | PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.15 effects of impurities (such as heat transfer reduction, corrosion, resin fouling, increase in radiation levels, fuel damage) | CH-04- 1 CH-05- 3, 5 CH-06- 1, 5, 14, 15 | PPTCooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | ||
| 4.20.1.16 control/removal of impurities (such as ion exchange, evaporation, reverse osmosis, feed and bleed) | CH-04-5, 7, 9, 10 | PPTWater Treatment | ||
| 4.20.1.17 water quality/purity | CH-04- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 | |||
| 4.20.1.18 grades of water | PPTWater Grades | Water in the Laboratory A Tutorial | ||
| 4.20.2 Write basic chemical formulas | PPTChemistry Fundamentals PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.20.3 Balance basic chemical equations | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | Chemistry Unit 2 Lessons | ||
| 4.20.4 Calculate the weight of a compound to be dissolved in water to produce an elemental standard of a predetermined concentration | PPTChemistry Fundamentals | Nivaldo J. Tro, Principles of Chemistry ,Pearson, 2013, ch.3, sec. 7, Formula MAss and the Mole Concept for Compunds, p 91. ISBN-13:978-0-321-79997-5 | ||
| 4.21 GENERAL LABORATORY PRACTICES Explain and apply the concepts related to sample collection equipment. | ||||
| 4.21.1 Identify types of general laboratory equipment | ||||
| 4.21.1.1 lab ware | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Merriam Webster Visual Dictionary Online The National Academy Press Working with Laboratory Equipment target="_blank"> Newton Basic Laboratory Equipment Guide |
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| 4.21.1.2 glassware | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Education Portal Merriam Webster Visual Dictionary Online Dartmouth Chemlab |
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| 4.21.1.3 balances | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Education Portal Merriam Webster Visual Dictionary Online |
||
| 4.21.1.4 heating apparatus | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Education Portal Merriam Webster Visual Dictionary Online |
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| 4.21.1.5 separation apparatus | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | The Chemistry Hypermedia Project - Separations (404 Site not found) |
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| 4.21.1.6 hydrometers/viscometers | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Franklyn W. Kirk, Instrumentation, ATP,2010, fifth edition, ch 26, s. 6, Liquid Analyzers, p. 258. ISBN: 978-0-8269-3430-7 | ||
| 4.21.1.7 pipettes | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Merriam Webster Visual Dictionary Online Dartmouth Chemlab |
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| 4.21.1.8 titrators | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Chemistry Hypermedia Project - Titration (404 site not found) Dartmouth Chemlab |
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| 4.21.1.9 dessicators | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | California State University Dominguez Hills Proper Use of a Desiccator | ||
| 4.21.2 Describe the function of each type of general laboratory equipment | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Working with Laboratory Equipment. The National Academies Press Dartmouth Chemlab |
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| 4.21.3 Discuss the importance of and standards for the cleanliness of laboratory equipment | PDFGLP Good Laboratory Practice PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | Dartmouth Chemlab | ||
| 4.21.4 Describe laboratory equipment cleaning methods | PDFGLP Good Laboratory Practice PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | |||
| 4.21.5 Describe rules for laboratory safety | PDFGLP Good Laboratory Practice PPT An Overview of Laboratory Safety | |||
| 4.21.5.1 wearing eye protection and protective clothing | PPT, An Overview of Laboratory Safety PDF Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology | Selecting Personal Protective Clothing. Stanford University, Laboratory Chemical Safety Toolkit | ||
| 4.21.5.2 handling acids and bases | PDF Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | H.J.Moe, Operational Health Physics Training, Argonne National Laboratory, Argon, Illinois, 1992, p. 14-10, "Lapel Air Samplers" | ||
| 4.21.5.3 using compressed gases | PPTGeneral Laboratory Practices | General Use SOP for Compressed Gases. Stanford University, Laboratory Chemical Safety Toolkit | ||
| 4.21.5.4 storing chemicals | PPT An Overview of Laboratory Safety PDFIntroduction to Medical Laboratory Technology | |||
| 4.21.5.5 fighting fires | PDFIntroduction to Medical Laboratory Technology PPT Fire Detection & Protection System | |||
| 4.21.5.6 labeling chemicals | PPT An Overview of Laboratory Safety | |||
| 4.21.5.7 using eyewashes and showers | PPT An Overview of Laboratory Safety | |||
| 4.21.6 Describe requirements and procedures related to chemical shelf-life | Chemicals: Shelf Lives (404 no site) Department of Defense Shelf Life Program (404 no site) GSA Shelf Life Management Program |
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| 4.22 WATER TREATMENT Explain and apply the concepts related to water treatment. | ||||
| 4.22.1 Explain the terms, units, definitions and basic concepts of the following processes | ||||
| 4.22.1.1 clarification (coagulation and flocculation) | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.22.1.2 evaporation | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTPlant Chemistry Overview PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.22.1.3 filtration | PPTFilters, Strainers, Snubbers, and Hangers PPTPlant Chemistry PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.22.1.4 oil separation | PPTWater Treatment DOCChemical and Oily Waste Water | |||
| 4.22.1.5 reverse osmosis | PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.22.1.6 removal of gases from water (degassing) | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.22.1.7 removal of organic material from water | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon PPTWater Treatment | |||
| 4.23 ION EXCHANGE (DEMINERALIZATION) Explain and apply the concepts related to ion exchange. | ||||
| 4.23.1 Explain ion exchange theory | CH-04-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 | |||
| 4.23.2 Identify ion exchange resins (such as anion, cation, mixed bed) | CH-04- 4 | |||
| 4.23.3 Describe the ion exchange process | CH-04- 2, 3, 5 | |||
| 4.23.3.1 bed exhaustion indications (differential pressure, silica, breakthrough) | CH-04- 8, 11, 15, 16, 17, | |||
| 4.23.3.2 bed regeneration (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.23.3.3 problems with calcium sulfate precipitation (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.23.3.4 problems with organic fouling (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.23.4 Discuss resin intrusion into the reactor/steam generator (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.23.5 Discuss resin degradation due to high temperature or freezing, including high differential pressure crushed beads, dry beads | CH-04- 16, 19 | |||
| 4.24 WATER CHEMISTRY SPECIFICATIONS AND BASES (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to water chemistry specifications and the basis for each specification. | ||||
| 4.24.1 Explain the content and bases of the following documents as related to the job | ||||
| 4.24.1.1 vendor chemistry specifications | ||||
| 4.24.1.2 technical specifications | ||||
| 4.24.1.3 plant chemistry specifications | ||||
| 4.24.1.4 owners group specifications | ||||
| 4.24.1.5 other chemistry specifications | ||||
| 4.25 CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION Explain and apply the concepts related to corrosion and corrosion prevention. | ||||
| 4.25.1 Describe the types and causes of corrosion | ||||
| 4.25.1.1 crevice | CH-06-18, 19 MS-02-16 | |||
| 4.25.1.2 denting | CH-06- 3, 18, 19 | |||
| 4.25.1.3 flow accelerated | PPTEffects of Corrosion | |||
| 4.25.1.4 galvanic | CH-06- 17 MS-02- 16 | |||
| 4.25.1.5 general | CH06- 1, 2, 3 | |||
| 4.25.1.6 pitting | CH06- 3, 18, 19 | |||
| 4.25.1.7 stress | CH-06- 3, 18, 19 MS-02-2, 3, 4, 5 | |||
| 4.25.1.8 wastage | DOCPrimary Systems | |||
| 4.25.1.9 microbiological induced corrosion | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTProperties of Reactor Plant Materials | |||
| 4.25.2 Identify the factors that affect the rates of corrosion | PPTEffects of Corrosion | |||
| 4.25.3 Describe corrosion control methods during operation (use of corrosion inhibitors, molar ratio and pH control) | CH-06-1, 2, 3, 5, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19 MS-02-16, 17 | PPTChemistry and Radcon | ||
| 4.25.4 Describe corrosion control methods during shutdown (use of corrosion inhibitors, pH control, temperature and dry layup) | PPTEffects of Corrosion PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.25.5 Discuss the control of deposits | PPTEffects of Corrosion PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.25.6 Discuss the minimization of intergranular stress corrosion in BWRs | PPTEffects of Corrosion | |||
| 4.25.7 Discuss the control of living organisms (algae, zebra mussels and Asiatic clams) | PPTPlant Chemistry PPTCooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers | |||
| 4.25.8 Discuss the control of corrosive materials | ||||
| 4.25.9 Discuss layup protection for plant systems (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.25.10 Discuss the effect of component corrosion on out-of-core radiation levels such as Co-60 reduction and induced crud burst (forced oxidation) | PPTEffects of Corrosion PPTPlant Chemistry PPTChemistry and Radcon | |||
| 4.26 WATER CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES Explain and apply the concepts related to water chemistry techniques. | ||||
| 4.26.1 Perform the following wet chemistry techniques | ||||
| 4.26.1.1 titrations | Nivaldo J. Tro, Principles of Chemistry ,Pearson, 2013, ch. 16, sec. 4, Titrations and pH curves, p 635. | Titration Chemistry Hypermedia Project - Titration (404 no site) |
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| 4.26.1.2 chemical separations | PDF Separation Techniques PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Separation of Mixtures Using Different Techniques | ||
| 4.26.1.3 distillation | PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Distillation Separation Techniques |
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| 4.26.1.4 carrier use | PDFSample Dissolution Techniques PDF Separation Techniques PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Gas Carrier | ||
| 4.26.1.5 gravimetric determinations | PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Chapter XV: Gravimetric Methods | ||
| 4.26.1.6 ashing (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.26.1.7 fusing | PDFSample Dissolution Techniques PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | |||
| 4.26.1.8 precipitation | PDF Separation Techniques PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Nivaldo J. Tro, Principles of Chemistry ,Pearson, 2013, ch. 4, sec. 6, Precipitation Reactions, p 141. | ||
| 4.26.1.9 sample fixing (preservation) | PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | Sample Preservation | ||
| 4.26.1.10 concentration techniques (for example, solvent extraction) | PDFSolvent Extraction PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | |||
| 4.26.1.11 preparation of standard solutions | PPTHow to Make Standard Solutions PPTWater Chemistry Techniques | |||
| 4.27 CHEMISTRY SAMPLING PROCEDURES (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to chemistry sampling procedures. | ||||
| 4.27.1 Review and discuss the following chemical sampling procedures | ||||
| 4.27.1.1 primary system sampling (PWR) | ||||
| 4.27.1.2 secondary system sampling (PWR) | ||||
| 4.27.1.3 condensate/feedwater sampling (BWR) | ||||
| 4.27.1.4 reactor water sampling (BWR) | ||||
| 4.27.1.5 auxiliary systems sampling | ||||
| 4.27.1.6 makeup water plant sampling | ||||
| 4.27.1.7 radwaste sampling | ||||
| 4.27.1.8 radioactive effluent sampling | ||||
| 4.27.1.9 post-accident sampling | ||||
| 4.27.2 Review and discuss the following as related to sampling procedures | ||||
| 4.27.2.1 radiological hazards | ||||
| 4.27.2.2 flushing of sample lines | ||||
| 4.27.2.3 flushing of sample containers | ||||
| 4.27.2.4 recirculation of tanks | ||||
| 4.27.2.5 protection of the sample from contamination | ||||
| 4.27.2.6 effect of changing sample flow on suspended solids and radioactive crud | ||||
| 4.27.2.7 identification of samples, including the recording of sampling data such as date, time and operational status of the system | ||||
| 4.27.3 Review and discuss the following as related to post-accident sampling procedures | ||||
| 4.27.3.1 radiation hazards associated with post-accident sampling | ||||
| 4.27.3.2 effects of safety injection on samples | ||||
| 4.27.3.3 storage of post-accident samples | ||||
| 4.27.3.4 recordkeeping associated with post-accident sampling | ||||
| 4.28 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to chemical analysis procedures. | ||||
| 4.28.1 Explain and perform the chemical analysis procedures for the following: | ||||
| 4.28.1.1 acid number of oil | ||||
| 4.28.1.2 alkalinity | ||||
| 4.28.1.3 aluminum | ||||
| 4.28.1.4 ammonia | ||||
| 4.28.1.5 biochemical oxygen demand | ||||
| 4.28.1.6 boron | ||||
| 4.28.1.7 calcium | ||||
| 4.28.1.8 chloride | ||||
| 4.28.1.9 chlorine | ||||
| 4.28.1.10 chromate | ||||
| 4.28.1.11 chromium | ||||
| 4.28.1.12 conductivity (cation and specific) | ||||
| 4.28.1.13 copper | ||||
| 4.28.1.14 dissolved oxygen in water | ||||
| 4.28.1.15 dissolved solids in water | ||||
| 4.28.1.16 fecal coliform | ||||
| 4.28.1.17 fluoride | ||||
| 4.28.1.18 hydrazine | ||||
| 4.28.1.19 hydrogen | ||||
| 4.28.1.20 hardness | ||||
| 4.28.1.21 iron | ||||
| 4.28.1.22 lithium | ||||
| 4.28.1.23 magnesium | ||||
| 4.28.1.24 neutralization number of oil | ||||
| 4.28.1.25 nickel4.28.1.25 nickel | ||||
| 4.28.1.26 nitrates | ||||
| 4.28.1.27 nitrites | ||||
| 4.28.1.28 oil in water | ||||
| 4.28.1.29 particle count in oil | ||||
| 4.28.1.30 pH | ||||
| 4.28.1.31 phosphate | ||||
| 4.28.1.32 potassium | ||||
| 4.28.1.33 resin | ||||
| 4.28.1.34 sediment in oil | ||||
| 4.28.1.35 silica | ||||
| 4.28.1.36 sludge (percent) | ||||
| 4.28.1.37 sodium | ||||
| 4.28.1.38 sodium hydroxide | ||||
| 4.28.1.39 specific gravity | ||||
| 4.28.1.40 sulfate | ||||
| 4.28.1.41 suspended solids in water | ||||
| 4.28.1.42 total organic carbon | ||||
| 4.28.1.43 trace organic acids | ||||
| 4.28.1.44 turbidity | ||||
| 4.28.1.45 viscosity | ||||
| 4.28.1.46 water in oil | ||||
| 4.29 RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to radiochemical analysis procedures. | ||||
| 4.29.1 Explain and perform the radiochemical analysis procedures for the following: | ||||
| 4.29.1.1 gamma isotopic analysis | ||||
| 4.29.1.2 alpha measurement | ||||
| 4.29.1.3 E-bar calculation | ||||
| 4.29.1.4 gross beta-gamma measurement | ||||
| 4.29.1.5 iodine | ||||
| 4.29.1.6 radiochemical separations | ||||
| 4.29.1.7 tritium | ||||
| 4.29.2 Review and discuss the following as related to radiochemical sampling procedures | ||||
| 4.29.2.1 distance between the sample and the detector | ||||
| 4.29.2.2 effect of the background | ||||
| 4.29.2.3 effect of high count rates | ||||
| 4.29.2.4 separation of nuclides to be counted | ||||
| 4.29.2.5 establishment of homogeneous samples | ||||
| 4.29.2.6 effect of self-absorption and back-scatter | ||||
| 4.29.2.7 peak identification and analysis problems | ||||
| 4.30 QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM Explain and apply the concepts related to the quality control program. | ||||
| 4.30.1 Describe the chemistry quality control program for laboratory and counting room analyses (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.2 Discuss commonly used quality control terms | ||||
| 4.30.2.1 accuracy | PPTQuality Control Program PDFAnalytic Chemistry Glossary | Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.2 blank | PPTQuality Control Program PPTAnalytic Chemistry Glossary | Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.3 calibration | PPTQuality Control Program PPTAnalytic Chemistry Glossary | Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.4 calibration check | PPTQuality Control Program | Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.5 calibration curve | PPTQuality Control Program PDF Analytic Chemistry Glossary | Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.6 check source | PPTQuality Control Program PDFExample of Source Control in Construction Quality | Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation and Quality Control: A Review Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Defining the best quality-control systems by design and inspection Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry |
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| 4.30.2.7 functional check | PPTQuality Control Program | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry Defining the best quality-control systems by design and inspection Quality Control Basic Concepts |
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| 4.30.2.8 performance check | PPTQuality Control Program PDF Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service |
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| 4.30.2.9 precision | PPTQuality Control Program PDF Analytic Chemistry Glossary | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry Glossary of QC Terms. Westgard. Analytical Control Facility. US Fish and Wildlife Service |
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| 4.30.2.10 quality control chart | PPTQuality Control Program PDF Analytic Chemistry Glossary | Quality Control Charts. University of Texas Arlington Engineering Statistics Handbook: National Institute of Standards and Technology Quality Control Charts Selected Topics in Assurance Related Technologies v.11 n.4 |
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| 4.30.2.11 spiked sample (increase concentration above minimum detectable) | PPTQuality Control Program PDF Analytic Chemistry Glossary | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry(404 site not found) | ||
| 4.30.2.12 standard | PDF Analytic Chemistry Glossary PPTQuality Control: Get Your Instruments Under Control! PDFMake No Mistakes Errors Can Be Controlled | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry (404 site not found) Engineering Statistics Handbook: National Institute of Standards and Technology |
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| 4.30.3 Discuss the selection of appropriate analysis standards (choose calibration source | PPTPlant Chemistry Control PPTPlant Chemistry Overview | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry (404 site not found) |
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| 4.30.4 Describe the preparation and use of known and spiked samples | PDFGuide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry | Analytical Chemistry 2.0 An Electronic Textbook for Introductory Courses in Analytical Chemistry (404 site not found) The Proper Preparation and Use of Quality Control Samples |
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| 4.30.5 Discuss plant chemistry acceptance criteria for analytical data (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.6 Discuss the quality control program for chemistry on-line monitors (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.7 Discuss the appropriate response to conditions that are out of the acceptable limit (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.8 Use quality control charts for applicable analyses (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.9 Select appropriate analysis standards (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.30.10 Prepare and use known and spiked samples (plant specific) | ||||
| 4.31 CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS (PLANT SPECIFIC) Explain and apply the concepts related to the chemistry conduct of operations. | ||||
| 4.31.1 Review and describe the following Chemistry Department guidelines: | ||||
| 4.31.1.1 explain departmental administrative procedures | ||||
| 4.31.1.2 identify recordkeeping requirements | ||||
| 4.31.1.3 describe chemistry interpretation requirements | ||||
| 4.31.1.4 identify reporting requirements | ||||
| 4.31.1.5 describe methods of diagnosing chemistry data | ||||
| 4.31.1.6 explain the response to out-of-specification conditions | ||||
| 4.31.1.7 discuss indications of degraded core conditions | ||||
| 4.32 SPECIALIZED SKILLS (PLANT SPECIFIC) specialized skills. | ||||
| 4.32.1 Calibrate laboratory instruments such as: | ||||
| 4.32.1.1 atomic absorption spectrophotometer | ||||
| 4.32.1.2 direct current plasma spectrophotometer | ||||
| 4.32.1.3 ion chromatograph | ||||
| 4.32.1.4 multichannel analyzer | ||||
| 4.32.2 Review and interpret gamma spectroscopy data | ||||
| 4.32.3 Troubleshoot basic analytical instrument problems |